Thermostat.



E. S. HALSEY.

THERMOSTAT. APPLICATION FILED DBO.-1, 1911.

1,073,899. Patented Sept. 23, 1913.

Witnesses.-

EDWARD S. HALSEY, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

THEBMOSTAT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 23, 1913.

Application filed December 1, 1911. Serial No. 668,448.

travel of the diaphragm and to simplify manufacture.

Referring to the drawings which lllustrate my invention, similar numerals and letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views, of which,

Figure 1 is a vertical cross section and Fig. 2 is a plan view of my thermostat.

It will be observed that the thermostat consists of two dished flanged corrugated metal disks F and D. D, the concave disk, forms the flexible diaphragm, pressed from thin tinned sheet steel which corresponds in form to the thicker and rigid front plate,

F. The diaphragm plate is inserted within the flange of and against the front plate, and soldered about the peri hery, thus forming a hermetically seale expansion chamber entirely of steel or iron, the interior surface of which may be either tinned or bare. The only other metal exposed to the interior is the solder ofthe joint.

The flange rim carries a three-legged spider 1, with supporting legs at the extremities. This splder or cross frame is slotted at the center for a bell crank 2, having a backwardly extending lever 4, while the other arm of said bell crank carries a large anti-friction roller 5, engaging the stiifenin plate 6, soldered to the center of the diap ragm.

A small and definite quantity of a suitable liquid L having its boiling point under atmospheric pressure at approximately 66 degrees Fahrenheit, is sealed between the diaphragm and front plate, being just sufficient in quantity to distend the diaphragm to its safe limit of travel when said liqiud is fully volatilized. When the liquid is condensed the flexible diaphragm collapses snugly against the front plate F, leaving a thin film of liquid between, all air bein carefully excluded. When in this'position the extension lever 4 is lowered so as to open the heat dominating valve to which it maybe connected by means of a tension ligament secured by an eye 10 at the extremity of the lever. As soon as the temperature of the room, to the wall of which the thermostat is fixed, exceeds the boiling point of the liquid, the diaphragm is gradually distended, the lever and connecting ligament are raised, and the position of the connected heat dominating valve and consequently the temperature of the room are modified. The outward travel of the diaphragm is limited by the cross frame. The ositicn of the diaphragm shown by solid lines in Fig. 1 is an intermediate position, and from this figure it will be observed that the diaphragm is so constructed, or formed by the shaping dies, as to give the annular portion between the periphery and the center plate'a backward bend or bulge, whereby the lateral stress of'the diaphragm in passing over center from the front position to the back position is relieved. Preferably the front plate is also given a similar, but slighter ackward bow to support the bulged part of the diaphragm against atmospheric pressure in its innermost position when cooled. Such front plate, however, may be straight, as the permanent spring form originally given to the diaphragm at the part 3-3, will tend to arch it backward under the initial internal pressure.

Formerly it has been customary in constructing volatile liquid thermostatsoto introduce an excess of the volatile liquid, to insure volatilization of a sufiicient quantity of the liquid to do the required work at. the desired temperature, and for other reasons. But so far as I am aware, no permanent, volatile liquid thermostat has yet been produced, which is operative at or close to the vital room temperature of 70 degrees F., without complicated artificial means for subjecting the contents of the expansion chamber to considerably increased or diminished pressure from that of the atmosphere to modify the boiling points of the llquids respectively employed. Most commonly others have employed conglomerate IIllX- tures with no stable boiling point, and which begins volatilization some below 70 F After years of research I have discovered that ethylamin, carefully refined and all moisture extracted, intermixed with a small quantity of refined spirits of ether suflicient to raise its boiling point to about 66 or 67 degrees F., and used in a steel or iron expan sion chamber, sealed by common solder with the least possible amount of soldering flux, eminently answers my requirements. This substance causes volatile expansion of' the diaphragm against atmospheric pressure to commence at 66 or 67 degrees F., and forces the diaphragm under the increased tension of its own elasticity to the limits of its working travel at a temperature of about 72 degrees F., at which point volatilization is complete. This brings the intermediate and most active movement of the diaphragm between .the range of 68 and 72 degrees, within which range any heat dominating valve which may be geared thereto is under constant 'control and adapted to occupy various positions corresponding to the conditions of the diaphragm to deliver the desired house temperature of 70 to 72 degrees should be solderedwith approximately,

I have also discovered that nitrous ether "carefully refined, neutralized and 00116611? trated just prior to its introduction in-the steel expansion chamber, intermixed with suflicient refined common fluid ether to raise its boiling point to at least 66 degrees F.,

will also answer the purpose and be here enumerated are taken. The chamber a minimum quantity of resin flux in preference to chlorid of zinc or soldering pastes, and pulverized quickllme should be introduced with the liquid partly to keep it neutral and partly to form an adhering granular deposit 12 on the inner walls of the chamber to facilitate volathe capillary retention or wetting of. the walls of the chamber.

I have found that of materials which may be used, high grade tin plate most satisfactorily answers the requirements of the diaphragm, and that its thickness'shollld e preferably about nine thousandths' of an inch. I have also found that .none of the more common metals except iron or steel, or in other words, the ferrous materials,

can be used successfully with either of the liquids mentioned, because the liquids. attack and decompose the other common metals,,

such as copper and brass; It is not to-be understood that ferrous materials are the only ones which can resist the chemical action of theliquids, for nickel, among others, is also unaffected, but owin costs, the ferrous metals are t e only commercially practicable ones 12 to 15-degrees permanent if all precautionsto relative I claim- 1. A thermostatic motor consisting of a chamber having oppositely arranged walls, one of which walls is movable toward and from the other, and in the normal contracted condition of the motor is close to said other wall, a working fluid which at atmospheric pressure is entirely liquid at 66 Fahrenheit, completely filling the space between said walls in the contracted condition of the motor, said .fluid being com" pletely gaseous under atmospheric pressure at a temperature of approximately 73 Fahrenheit.

2. A thermostatic motor, consisting of a hermetically sealed expansion chamber I having a movable wall, of which the expanding movement is resisted only by atmospheric pressure and the necessary op-. position of the thing on which it acts, and a volatile liquid within the chamber, having a boiling point under such resistance, of approximately 67 degrees 1 3. A thermostatic motor' consisting of a chamber containing a uantity of volatile liquid and having a wal arranged to move under pressure generated by volatilization of the li uid, the pressure resisting such motion 0 said wall being only that caused by atmos heric pressure and by the opposi-' tion of t e actuated mechanism or device, and the liquid having a boiling point under such pressure between 66 and 73 F., and being completely volatilized at 73 F.

4. A, thermostatic motor, consisting of a hermetically sealed expansion chamber hav-' ing amovable wall, of which the expanding mqvement is resisted only by atmospheric pressure and the necessary opposition of the thing on which it acts, and a small quantity of a' compound volatile liquid essentially ethvlamin within said expansion chamber.

5. A thermostatic motor, consisting of a hermetically Sealed expansion chamber hav ing a movable wall, of which the expanding movement is resisted only by atmospheric pressure andthe necessary opposition of the thing on which it acts, and a small quantity of a compound volatile l iquid essentially nitrous ether within said expansionchamber, l I I 6. In a volatile liquid thermostat, a her- 'metically sealed expansion chamber, and an actuating and having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of ap roximately 67 degrees Fahrenheit;

volatile liquid contained therein,

such hquid being essentially ethyl.

ammyor n itrous' ether, or. 'a" mix ure of" I *eit-herethlyamin or nitrous ether witli com; mon liquid ether.

metically sealed"ferrous metal expansion chamber, and-an actuat' g volatile liquidof ethylamin;

125. In a volatile 'liquid'thermostat a her j 8. In a volatile liquid thermostat a hermetically sealed elastic ferrous metal exnansion chamber, and an actuating volatile sentially of ethylamin intermixed with a small quantity of common liquid ether.

' 10. In a volatile liquid thermostat a herme'tically sealed elastic ferrous metal expansion chamber, within said chamber consisting ssentiall of nitrous ether intermixed with a smal quantity of common ether.

In a volatile liquid thermostat a hermetically sealed metallic expansion chainher; a suitable volatilizing actuating liquid within said chamber, and a suitable pow- .dered material adherent in fine particles to the interior walls of said chamber for the purposes specified.

12. In a volatile liquid thermostat a sealed metallic expansion chamber and a volatile actuating liquid consisting essentially of nitrous ether in-said chamber, with a quantity of a suitable alkaline material specified.

such as powdered lime, for the purposes 13. In a volatile liquid. thermostat a A: sealed metallic expansion chamber consistmg' of an outwardly dished front plate F, and a flexible "corrugated leveractuating diaphragm D, united peripherally'and rovidlng a peripheral stiffening rim; the p ate F having a portion between its center and periphery which is straight or slightly concaved toward said diaphragm, and the latter being correspondingly formed to nor- 111111131- liesnugly against F,.but' having a i b'ackwardly bulged annular spring portlon near its periphery at 33 to ease the travand an actuating liquid erse strain of the diaphragm in passing mid position.

14. In a volatile liquid thermostat a sealed metallic ex ansion chamber having a movable wall wiiich consists of a corrugated double throw diaphragm so formed that its radial lines from periphei il to center plate bow backward throng out its travel for the purpose specified.

15. A volatile liquid thermostat comprising a hermetically sealed chamber having opposed walls, one of which is elastically movable toward and from the other under conditions res ect-ively in which said thermostat is col apsed and expanded, and a working fluid contained in said chamber having extreme range of tem erature from complete liquefaction to comp ete volatilizetion, at atmospheric pressure of approximately six degrees Fahrenheit.

16; A thermostat comprising an expansion chamber composed ,of steel or iron walls, one of which is flexible and movable toward and from the other, the joints of such walls being sealed with solder, and a quantity of ethlyamin refined and free from moisture, contained in sa'd chamber and having a boiling point at atmos sure atabout 67 degrees Fahren eit..

17. A thermostat comprising an iron or steel expansion chamber having a flexible wall, and a quantity of nitrous ether, refined, neutrallzed and concentrated, contained in said chamber and mixed with refined common fluid ether in proportions- In testimony whereofl have aflixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

' EDWARD S; HALSEY.

the boiling point of the Fahr- Witnesses:

. An'rmm H. BROWN,

heric pres-* 

